Tower and small-form-factor (SFF) workstations pair workstation-class CPUs — Intel Xeon W, AMD Ryzen Threadripper Pro, or multi-core Core Ultra — with ECC or registered DDR5 memory and professional-grade GPUs such as NVIDIA RTX Ada or AMD Radeon Pro to meet the sustained compute demands of CAD, 3D rendering, FEA simulation, and AI model development. Full-tower platforms like the HP Z6, Dell Precision 7000 series, and Lenovo ThinkStation P-series support dual-CPU sockets, 1–2 TB RAM capacity, and multiple PCIe 5.0 expansion slots for NVMe RAID or multi-GPU configurations. SFF variants — including the Lenovo ThinkStation P3 Ultra and ASUS ExpertCenter W5 — consolidate the same ISV-validated hardware into sub-10-liter chassis, trading maximum slot count for desk-space efficiency while retaining ECC memory support and Thunderbolt 4 connectivity.